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(3894) 100.0%,
Location: Canton, Massachusetts
Ships to: US,
Item: 235713852285
Restocking Fee:No
Return shipping will be paid by:Seller
All returns accepted:Returns Accepted
Item must be returned within:60 Days
Refund will be given as:Money Back
Unit of Sale:Single Unit
Artist:See Description
Number of Items in Set:1
City/Region:Nassau
Signed By:Mailer – See Description
Occasion:Love & Romance
Size:Continental (6 x 4 in)
Year Manufactured:1969
Unit Type:Unit
Features:Map
Unit Quantity:1
Postage Condition:Posted
Featured Person:Nassau Bahamas Pineapple Cultivation
Character:Nassau Bahamas Pineapple Cultivation
Signed:Yes
Material:Cardboard,Paper
City:Nassau
Original/Licensed Reprint:Original
Franchise:Nassau Bahamas Pineapple Cultivation
Brand/Publisher:Dexter Press
Subject:Tropical
Modified Item:No
California Prop 65 Warning:WARNING: To avoid danger of suffocation, keep this plastic bag away from babies and children. Do not use this bag in cribs, beds, carriages or play pens. This bag is not a toy.
Type:Printed (Lithograph)
Continent:North America
Era:Chrome (c. 1939-present)
Theme:International Cities & Towns
Region:Caribbean
Country:Bahamas
Time Period Manufactured:1960-1969
Country/Region of Manufacture:United States
Circulated:Yes
Vintage Postcard Bahamas Nassau Map circa 1969 Posted Pineapple Cultivation Good !Good condition overall. Some minor wear and stains. Shows minor wear on the corners and edges. Yellow tone on the card. Otherwise Good Condition! // Ships Well Packed! // Freeship In The USA!!! // USA Seller !!! Ships Out *with Tracking* Within 1 Day Of Order This vintage postcard map of Nassau, Bahamas showcases the city’s beautiful architecture and scenic surroundings. The postcard is an original, printed lithograph from the 1960s and has been well-preserved since then. It is a great addition to any collection of topographical postcards or collectibles related to international cities and towns. The postcard is in good shape overall, with minor wear and stains on the corners and edges. The yellow tone on the card adds a touch of nostalgia to the scene. This item is perfect for those interested in the history of Nassau and Bahamian agriculture. It is a unique piece of history that will make a great conversation starter. SOME GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT Bahamian Agriculture, an overview. Part 1 Bahamian Agriculture, an overview. Part 1 by John Hedden via weblogbahamas First published in The Tribune, Saturday, September 17, 2011 and posted here with the kind permission of the author. Mr. Hedden holds degrees in Botany from UWI Mona Campus and University of Reading UK and graduated from Government High School, Nassau, Bahamas.He has experience as a Horticulturalist for the USAID project BARTAD Andros, Horticulturalist for the Ministry of Agriculture at CAS (now GRAC), and then extension services.Mr. Hedden is now trying to establish a modern demonstration fruit and vegetable farm on 10 acres of ‘crown’ land.He presently lives on Abaco and has worked with farmers there for the last 25 years. Recently much has appeared in the media about agriculture, with senior politicians, pundits, veterinary intellectuals, and the regular armchair philosophers, making their comments and putting forward opinions. However I have seen no comment from the actual farming community about the status and future of farming. This may shroud the real issues involved, and so confuse the general public with rhetoric and other fancy words. Before the reality becomes smothered I feel that as a genuine ‘paper farmer’ I can probably help cloud the issue even further. In order to put agriculture and the modern Bahamas in proper focus we must start from the very beginning. This first part deals with historical anecdotes and notes which begin to include geographical, topographical, climate issues, and basic soils and water availability. I have not included dates because these instantly put off any student of history. However a journey into the well documented archives of our country will verify many of my statements. In the beginning was the Lucayan, the Arawak, The Taino; people who should go down in history as the true Bahamian, and the only people who have sustainably harvested their food from the environment throughout this archipelago. Unfortunately these people do not survive to the modern times. Since the arrival of the Europeans, and to the present day, no people in the Bahamas have truly subsisted on the products of the native environment. Subsistence production during the many very lean years, after settlement, relied on non native species for the major food source. These introduced species include cassava, sweet potato, yams, pigeon peas, red beans, sheep, goats, and all poultry. Even the wild hogs of many islands were introduced as domestic breeds before going feral. The early settlers on several occasions had to appeal to their colleagues on the US mainland for help with staple supplies to prevent starvation on many of the inhabited islands. The purchase of the Bahamas by the proprietors, and the establishment of plantations on many of the more southerly islands, became short lived, because the thin dry, arid soils were unable to supply sustainable commercial harvests. In most cases these plantations were abandoned to the slaves and servants to eke out a kind of subsistence involving the sea, and slash and burn methods of coppice (black land) and sandy (white land) cultivation. To many of the islanders the Nassau capital may as well have been in Lima, Peru; because communications and transport were non existent for the inhabitants. The northern pine islands were not exploited to any degree agriculturally, mainly because the pine land was inaccessible, and the ‘cap rock’ was unworkable with traditional hand tools and manual labour methods. The pine areas were thus appropriately named “The Barrens”, even though fresh water was close at hand. Even the arrival of the ‘Loyalists’ with their plantation approach resulted in a common survival in which the whites were no better off than their black brothers. All struggled to survive. The Bahamas went through many years of the most basic provision for sustenance in order to stave off debilitating hunger, and the early church missions often rescued locals from imminent starvation. Up until the 19th century, church and religious annals take account of the destitution and malnourishment existing in much of the settled out islands. Less than 100 years ago arrangements were made by the Colonial Service to accommodate workers through contracts in North America. All types of Bahamians took advantage in order to survive the depression, and 2nd world war. Many of these ‘migrant workers’ earned the name of “American Boy” on their return with adopted american mannerisms. Even today there is no continuity of agricultural production over the traditional ‘lifetimes of farming’ experienced in other parts of the world such as Africa and Europe. There was however a brief spell in our history when agriculture seemed destined to become a major contributor to the economy. During the early to late 1800’s pineapple and citrus production became a major source of foreign revenue for the islands. Farming in Eleuthera, Cat island, and southern Abaco became very prominent; as did the eastern part of New providence. Produce exported to North America and England made significant contributions to the islands’ welfare. However the rise of Hawaiian pineapple and Florida citrus plantings soon put paid to that flourishing industry. A 1 U$ cent tax was levied on each imported fruit, thus protecting The U.S. producers. After the end of the 2nd world war the English government introduced the Colonial Development Corporation to various islands in order to foster growth through agricultural entrepreneurship. The pineapple project of the best land in south Eleuthera failed because mechanisation removed the red pineapple soils and introduced raw limestone. This area would later claim fame as the ‘Charolais ranch’ that provided the U.S. with it’s prized French breeding stock. The Andros project failed because the fruit and vegetable land selected behind fresh Creek was a summer swamp when the rains came, and no amount of pumps could keep the growing area dry. It is ironical that here the water was pumped away from the crops, and not to them. Rice would not even grow in the perimeter canals and drainage ditches. In addition produce shipped out, from Andros, by barge did not even survive the journey into Nassau. Over the years attempts have been made to introduce sugar cane, large citrus groves, dairy, egg and poultry production to a non existent agricultural sector. Some survived for a number of years but mainly because protection against competition was the rule of the day. In the modern era with the advent of Bahamian accession to the WTO and the apparent barring of protectionism in any form, bleak prospects for agricultural enterprise are looming on the Bahamian horizon. Many feel disillusioned and upset over the lack of governmental input in order to save the tradition of farming in the country. The reality is that apart from subsistence production purely for survival, the Bahamian agricultural sector is a myth and a non contributor to any recognisable part of the economy. In fact since majority rule Bahamians have been actively encouraged to move away from agricultural and menial work into tourism and financial services. Today the perception is of agriculture as being demeaning and subservient work, close to being on welfare. The introduction of more modern technology has recently accounted for some apparently successful start ups, and renovated enterprises in Andros. The use of more modern techniques, even basic ones like efficient irrigation can dramatically improve yields. Management of soil fertility, and pest control are equally important. These issues will be dealt with in the following article. Bahamian Agriculture, an overview. Part 2 by John Hedden via weblogbahamas John Hedden Technology. In my previous article I discussed some of the history and myths of agriculture and ended with the perception of agriculture in a modern Bahamas. This article will attempt to deal with the subject of agricultural technology and it’s meaning for improvement of agricultural production. The original technology of food production through the islands would have been the most basic. It is more than likely that the Arawak were not farmers at all. It is likely that the produce from the land, and the sea were harvested when necessary to provide an immediate source of food. There would have been little need for storage because the natural pantry was always open and access to fresh fish and fruits cannot be surpassed, even today. These people lived in very close harmony with, and as part of, their natural environment. They reaped and never had to sow. It was only in later years when Europeans and Africans settled on the shores did a technology arrive that was alien to the islands. Agriculture is one of the most devastating practices to an environment because foreign species of both plant and animal are introduced, and man actually alters the physical environment as much as possible to be able to get the best yields for his produce. A third reason may be considered where high yields are sought at the expense of native crops, in order to produce an excess for sale or barter. This latter was the intention of the plantation approach to farm production. Metal hand tools were used to clear large tracts and foreign species were then grown on this land, Cotton planting is a good example, and here the native species were cut out of the land, and production of a single species on that same tract took place without any thought of soil strengthening, fertility or field rotations taking place. As we would expect, the result very quickly became a succession of poorer and poorer harvests, simply because this new technology was not able to take care of the most basic concern for a reasonable yield; water and soil fertility. Needless to say the inheritors of these lands very quickly learned that continuing harvests would require a change in technology. The one that became used throughout the islands was known as ‘shifting cultivation’ with ‘slash and burn’ land clearing and preparation. This allowed farmers to rough clear a “task” of land and plant a succession of specific crops in order to allow a follow harvest of beans and peas, corn, root crops, benny (sesame), corn and melons. Usually after two seasons the fields were allowed to revert to “bush” for at least three years before they could be used again for crop production. This change in farming technique did allow a subsistence type of production to take place. Any excess was usually stored for leaner years, and of course the seeds for follow planting were taken out first. Sometimes in a really good year enough would be harvested for either barter or sale to another settlement or island. Sea weed, cave earth and fish remnants were used to ‘help’ the soil. Very little water was used in crop production, and so planting was done seasonally and “with the moon” in order to take full advantage of soil moisture for the young plants. Livestock production followed a similar tradition with animals often being tethered in an area, and then moved frequently to another site. ‘Cutting Bough’ was the normal practice, with cinnecord, rams horn and other legumes being the favourite fodder because of their high protein content. Large livestock were not common and sheep, goat, yard chicken, and pigs were preferred. This system of food production continued for several hundred years, and today is still practiced in many of the islands where mechanisation is not possible. Even the early commercial production of citrus and pineapples for the export trade followed this example with longer rotational times for land use being implemented. It was really only after the second world war that agriculture saw a radical change in technology. The introduction of fertilisers, pest control chemicals and machines are what established more modern farming practices, and the latter were limited to the northern Pine Islands and Eleuthera and Cat Island. The introduction of the crawler tractor made us fall in love with the ‘Caterpillar D8’. Land preparation was now possible where the surface could be broken up, and a type of rocky soil produced. However this soil proved to be very alkaline due to its high Calcium content, plant nutrients were non existent and had to be added as fertilisers. This introduced a newer technology of farming to the islands and along with this came the expatriate farmers such as Levy and the ‘Hatchet Bay’ products and the milk stands of Nassau. Others included Crockett and Scott in Abaco, and Scott Madison in Andros. Others eventually involved Gulf and Western, The Owens Illinois sugar plantation of 23,000 acres in Abaco, several large dairy operations in New Providence, and fruit production in all 3 northern pine islands. So what is this new technology? It is in fact a newer approach to agricultural production where all aspects of crop production, from crop grow out to marketing are mapped out and planned before anything goes in the ground. Perhaps the 2 most important aspects of this are the use of irrigation, and the use of fertilisers. Water alone can increase field harvest by 100%, while a combination with fertility management can double the yield again. These 2 along with mechanisation which reduces labour costs, pest control which increases the marketable yield, and timely harvesting which improves quality, all make a significant contribution to better farm earnings. The farmers of North Andros who are constantly on the media releases are a product of a newer agricultural technology provided for them by the US AID programme (BARTAD) of the 1970’s. Under the present assistance provided by the government corporation BAIC these farmers have been given access to the farm inputs they have been waiting for all these years. In addition BAIC has assisted them with marketing seminars and direct access to clients through the BAIC website. Other farmers on the central and southern islands have never had access to the training, the relatively improved soils, available water, and the immediate markets open just 25 miles away in New Providence. The very nature of the geology, climate and topography almost eliminates the use of mechanised farming on these more southerly islands. It must be remembered that a major drawback to improving soil quality throughout the islands is the nature of the soil itself. We have no real soil profile. It is shallow, does not retain fertility or water. It will always be highly alkaline, and so makes many nutrients unavailable to the crop. Organic matter must be incorporated constantly because when it breaks down it disappears without altering the chemical profile of the parent calcium carbonate. In other words no amount of soil improvement practices will have any long term effect. Becoming ever more popular with the farming community are 2 highly specialised technologies; greenhouse production and hydroponics. Both work by modifying the impact of the native environment on the crops. The former modifies light, humidity and temperature; while hydroponics seeks to modify the root zone medium. Over the years several attempts have been made with these 2 systems, but seasonality improvements have usually been in the order of 4 weeks on normal harvest periods. If this can be improved substantially then this technology will prove very useful. On the negative side only about 2% of agricultural land is watered and fertilised efficiently, and pest control is very poorly performed throughout the islands. Efficient transportation is not at hand and shipping costs are extremely high. So finally I will point out that even though the technology has started to become available to the farming community very few are able to take full advantage of it. For rapid advances in technology to take place support in the form of excellent extension services, physical infrastructure and good input sourcing must all be accessible. Farmer training is non existent and access to capital is more than remote because most farmers have no collateral. In addition farmers are like most of their fellow Bahamians, they are lousy businessmen and keep lousier records. Because of the general perception of agriculture in the psyche few locals who have capital will invest. Financial and property interests are much more attractive.^^ by John Hedden via weblogbahamas THANKS FOR LOOKING!!
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